Epistemic means and ends: a reply to Hofmann

Meno: I admit the cogency of your argument, and therefore, Socrates, I wonder that knowledge should be preferred to right opinion-or why they should ever differ. Socrates: And shall I explain this wonder to you? Meno: Do tell me. Socrates: You would not wonder if you had ever observed the images of Daedalus; but perhaps you have not got them in your country? Meno: What have they to do with the question? Socrates: Because they require to be fastened in order to keep them, and if they are not fastened they will play truant and run away. Meno: Well, what of that? Socrates: I mean to say that they are not very valuable possessions if they are at liberty, for they will walk off like runaway slaves; but when fastened, they are of great value, for they are really beautiful works of art. Now this is an illustration of the nature of true opinions: while they abide with us they are beautiful and fruitful, but they run away out of the human soul, and do not remain long, and therefore they are not of much value until they are fastened by the tie of the cause; and this fastening of them, friend Meno, is recollection, as you and I have agreed to call it. But when they are bound, in the first place, they have the nature of knowledge; and, in the second place, they are abiding. And this is why knowledge is more honourable and excellent than true opinion, because fastened by a chain.-Plato, Meno (96b-100d)